Prevalence of Heamoglobin Variants, ABO and Rhesus Blood Groups in Northern Uttar Pradesh, India

Hemoglobin variants are mutant forms of hemoglobin in a population , caused by variations in genetics. It’s occurring when there are genetic changes in specific genes, or globins that cause changes or alterations in the amino acid. Hemoglobin variants, ABO and Rhesus blood groups are known to vary from one population to another. Thus, there is need to elucidate the frequency of these indices in Northern U.P., India. The result would serve as a platform for instituting genetic counseling services with a view to reduce haemoglobinopathies. Total 933 subjects aged 18 – 55 years were screened, 636 (68.17%) males and 297 (31.83%) females. Result of present study showed 12.01% prevalence of haemoglobinopathies. Out of total haemoglobinopathies screened subject, β-thalassemia in heterozygous state was found more frequent (5.04%) than β-thalassemia in homozygous state (0.43%). Other haemoglobinopathies followed by HbAE 3.32%, HbAS 0.86%, HbE-β 1.82% and HbS-β 0.54%. The frequencies with respect to ABO systems had been shown as O > B > A > AB. The distribution of Blood groups with 97.43% Rhesus positive (Rh+) out of which, O+(36.55%), B+ (35.78%), A+(18.97%), AB+ (6.11%) found respectively. In our study the Blood group O+ (36.55%), was most frequent but the higher prevalence haemoglobinopathies was found in Blood group A+ (33.93).